دانلود رایگان مقاله پایه و اساس پدیدارشناسی: ادموند هوسرل و تلاش برای یک علم دقیق فلسفه

I T APPEARS APPROPRIATE to take another look at Edmund Husserl and phenomenology some twenty-five years after beginning the writing of the present volume. I n 1936 Husserl was near the end of his life, with his philosophy perpetually "unknown" — one might almost say, unknown as a matter of principle. That could not be said about his early thought. He had begun his career with studies on fundamental themes in mathematics, logic, and psychology. His first works were written clearly, with much attention to the literature, and they were entirely intelligible. The reception of his ideas would have been greatly facilitated had he proceeded along his early lines as a mathematical philosopher and logician. But he was affected by motives explainable i n the light of the development of German philosophy deriving from Kant and Hegel. A justifiable feeling of independence became intensified by continued hostility and misunderstandings on the part of most of his contemporaries who reacted to his work. His independent development, allowing little personal discussion with dissenting thinkers, and his creation of a unique technical vocabulary, added to the difficulties i n understanding his further studies. The legend that the real Husserl was "unknown" could easily become plausible. Scholars were admonished to look to the unpublished literary remains of Husserl for his "real" philosophy. Husserl's predecessor i n Freiburg, Heinrich Rickert, who belonged to a rival idealistic tendency, was able to note with some truth that "Husserl held back" in the publication of his ideas. Furthermore, it was argued that Husserl's mode of inquiry could not be coordinated with other types of inquiry, and that i t could not be subsumed under the genus of method. This could only become more confusing and discouraging to the student of philosophy.